Kolkata Weather Today

Kolkata, India: Climate and Weather Year Round

Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River and is known for its rich cultural heritage, historical landmarks, and vibrant festivals. Understanding the climate and weather patterns of Kolkata is essential for residents and visitors alike to plan their activities and make the most of their time in this bustling metropolis.

Geographical Location

Kolkata is located in the eastern part of India, close to the Bay of Bengal. Its geographical coordinates are approximately 22.5726° N latitude and 88.3639° E longitude. The city's proximity to the sea influences its climate and weather patterns throughout the year.

Seasons

Kolkata experiences four distinct seasons: winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon.

1. Winter (December to February)

During the winter months, Kolkata enjoys a pleasant and mild climate. The average temperature ranges from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C (77°F). The nights can be slightly cooler, with temperatures dropping to around 10°C (50°F). Humidity levels are relatively lower during this season, making it a favorable time for outdoor activities and exploring the city's attractions.

2. Summer (March to May)

The summer season in Kolkata is characterized by hot and humid weather. Temperatures can soar as high as 40°C (104°F) during the peak of summer. The average daytime temperature ranges from 30°C (86°F) to 35°C (95°F). The nights remain warm and humid, with temperatures rarely dropping below 25°C (77°F). It is advisable to stay hydrated and seek shade during the scorching summer months.

3. Monsoon (June to September)

Kolkata experiences heavy monsoon rains from June to September, with the peak rainfall occurring in July and August. The city receives an average annual rainfall of around 1,582 mm (62 inches). The monsoon season brings relief from the summer heat, but it also leads to waterlogging in some parts of the city. It is recommended to carry an umbrella or raincoat and plan indoor activities during this period.

4. Post-Monsoon (October and November)

The post-monsoon season in Kolkata is characterized by milder temperatures and a decrease in rainfall. The weather becomes more pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C (77°F) to 30°C (86°F). This season is ideal for outdoor activities and exploring the city's parks and gardens.

Climate Data

Here is a table summarizing the average monthly temperatures and rainfall in Kolkata:

The climate of Kolkata is influenced by the Bay of Bengal and the Himalayan mountain range. The city experiences high humidity levels throughout the year, with an average relative humidity of around 77%. The coastal location also makes Kolkata susceptible to cyclones during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods.

Extreme Weather Events

Kolkata has witnessed several extreme weather events in its history. Cyclones, thunderstorms, and heavy rainfall can disrupt normal life and cause damage to infrastructure. Proper preparedness and monitoring of weather updates are crucial during such events.

Cyclones

Kolkata is prone to cyclones, especially during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The most devastating cyclone in recent history was Cyclone Amphan, which made landfall near Kolkata in May 2020. It caused widespread destruction, including damage to buildings, uprooted trees, and power outages.

Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms are common during the summer months in Kolkata. They are often accompanied by heavy rainfall, strong winds, and lightning. It is advisable to seek shelter and avoid exposed areas during thunderstorms to ensure personal safety.

Heatwaves

Heatwaves can occur during the summer months in Kolkata, with temperatures soaring above 40°C (104°F). Heatwaves can pose health risks, especially for vulnerable populations. It is important to stay hydrated, avoid direct sun exposure, and seek air-conditioned spaces during extreme heat.

Conclusion

Kolkata experiences a diverse range of weather conditions throughout the year. From mild winters to hot and humid summers, and heavy monsoon rains, the city's climate offers a unique experience for residents and visitors alike. Understanding the weather patterns and being prepared for extreme events is essential for making the most of one's time in this vibrant and culturally rich city.